The umbrella term “passive real estate investments” includes just about anything that isn’t a directly owned property. Common examples include real estate syndications (group investments in a large property), private equity real estate funds, debt funds secured by real property, private notes, real estate crowdfunding investments, and private partnerships where you invest financially as a silent partner.
As a “recovering landlord” who sold off his last rental property and an expat digital nomad, I love passive real estate investments. I can invest hands-free from anywhere in the world.
When most people talk about building generational wealth with real estate, they mean passing on a portfolio of properties to their children or grandchildren. Most ignore passive real estate investments in that conversation.
Here’s why many investors eschew passive real estate for generational wealth—and why I love it.
The Case Against Passive Investments for Generational Wealth
Active real estate investors love the idea of letting their tenants gradually pay off their mortgage loans against rental properties over several decades. By the time the investor shuffles off this mortal coil, their children inherit a free-and-clear property—one that’s appreciated handsomely over decades.
It makes for a compelling vision, right? Proudly passing the reins of a cash-flowing portfolio to your children. Your kids may even be able to live off that cash flow for life.
Active investors dislike the lack of control they have over passive investments, particularly syndications. The average real estate syndication targets a five-year hold, give or take a few years. As limited partners (passive investors), we don’t control when or even if the sponsor sells the property.
When the syndication property sells, passive investors get paid out, which ends that story. You get a share of the profits, which you must then reinvest (or leave as cash). There’s no set of jingling keys to ceremonially pass on to your children.
The greatest tax benefits also come within the first few years of owning a real estate syndication. Investors get huge depreciation write-offs initially, but these wane with time. With direct property ownership, depreciation typically spreads out more evenly over time.
So, when real estate investors broaden their financial planning to decades and generations, you can see why many fixate on direct ownership rather than passive investing.
Why I Like Passive Investments for Generational Wealth
I’ve always questioned conventional wisdom. My wife calls me contrary, but I think of myself as contrarian—which is not the same thing at all.
Before you write off passive real estate investments in your generational wealth plans, consider these arguments in their favor.
Most heirs just want the money
It’s hard for parents who are passionate about real estate to understand, but in most cases, your kids don’t want your properties. They don’t share your passion, even if they dutifully tagged along with you on property visits growing up. They just want cold, hard cash.
Unless you structure your estate carefully and intentionally, your properties go to probate when you kick the bucket. In probate, your heirs and executor will have to figure out what the heck to do with them. You could assign specific properties to specific heirs, of course, but that doesn’t mean they’ll want to keep them.
Most heirs simply sell inherited properties—often to a cash buyer, for a low price.
Passive investment turnover provides control
I actually like the idea of my passive investments turning over every five years or so. It gives me a chance to reassess the market and choose the best place to park my money for the next five years. When I reach retirement, I’ll inevitably move some money out of high-return real estate investments into safe, boring investments. There’s nothing wrong with that.
Investment turnover lets me choose where my money will serve best: both for my retirement and eventually for my heirs.
Potential for high returns, labor-free
In our Co-Investing Club at SparkRental, we look for asymmetric returns: low-risk investments paying high returns.
For equity investments, that typically means those likely to pay 15% to 20% annualized returns or higher. For low-LTV debt investments paying regular interest, we accept 10% to 12%.
Yes, I realize that skilled active investors can earn high returns on rental properties. But to consistently earn strong returns as an active investor, two things are required of you: skill and labor. It takes time and effort to find good deals and manage income properties—even if you hire a property manager. You must then manage the manager, not to mention the accounting and tax reporting.
My wife and daughter won’t need to do anything when they inherit my passive investments. They can sit back and enjoy the distributions and interest income, as well as the occasional payout of profits when a property sells.
Infinite returns: How long-term investments get better with time
Not every real estate syndication sells the property after four or five years. In some cases, the sponsor refinances the property after a couple of years and returns investors’ capital.
At that point, you get your investment money back, but you keep your ownership interest in the property. You keep collecting distributions from the original property but also earn returns on new investments you make with the same money.
Investors refer to this scenario as infinite returns, because you can reinvest your capital again and again, with no limit to the returns you can earn on it.
When you kick the proverbial bucket, your heirs inherit all these passive cash-flowing investments plus the original cash invested.
Dying resets your cost basis and depreciation recapture
When a property sells—whether directly or passively owned—you get hit with capital gains taxes and depreciation recapture.
However, if you die holding these assets, the cost basis resets to the value at the time of death. That eliminates both capital gains taxes and depreciation recapture.
Again, I realize this advantage also applies to directly owned properties. But passive investors tend to enjoy highly accelerated depreciation, making depreciation recapture a greater bogeyman for them. Passive investors get huge tax write-offs in the first few years, and neither they nor their heirs have to necessarily pay these back.
Estate planning benefits of a Roth SDIRA
Sure, you can buy properties directly with a self-directed IRA. It’s just harder to do, given the low contribution limits each year.
In our Co-Investing Club, we go in on syndications and other passive investments together, so each member can invest $5,000. That’s a lot easier to do with a self-directed IRA than the typical $50,000 or $100,000 required by either investing by yourself in a syndication or fund, or coughing up a down payment, closing costs, cash reserves, and initial repairs.
Roth IRAs come with enormous estate planning advantages. You can skip probate and directly assign a beneficiary. Your heirs also enjoy tax-free distributions and keep the account open for 10 years after your death. Plus, Roth IRAs can add some flexible options for planning a trust for your children—but speak with an estate planning attorney about that, as it gets complicated quickly.
Heirs inherit live, hands-off investments with a long track record
A little while ago, our Co-Investing Club invested in a 10% note that allows cancellation at any time with six months’ notice. It’s secured by a first-position lien with less than 50% LTV, a personal guarantee, and a corporate guarantee.
If I die a few years from now, my wife could close out that investment if she wants. But she could also leave it in place and keep collecting interest payments every month, secure in the knowledge that the note has paid like clockwork every month for years.
Yes, heirs also inherit a long track record with rental properties. But these require more work to manage and aren’t very liquid. It costs tens of thousands to sell rental properties, along with hassles like hiring a real estate agent and waiting months for settlement.
Final Thoughts
When I croak, my wife and daughter will inherit a mix of cash, paper assets, and passive real estate investments. They can leave the investments in place if they like, without any work required on their part. They won’t have to mess around with real estate agents or sell at a steep discount to cash buyers.
In the meantime, my passive real estate investments will hopefully pay out double-digit returns as projected. As syndications turn over, I’ll decide where I want to reinvest based on current market conditions. For example, if the federal government actually does push through a nationwide rent stabilization law, I may eliminate multifamily from my portfolio entirely and exclusively invest in less-regulated property types.
I plan on leaving seven or eight digits behind when I exit stage left. And none of that will require my daughter to become a landlord and inherit the hassle with tenants, property managers, inspectors, contractors, or real estate agents.
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Note By BiggerPockets: These are opinions written by the author and do not necessarily represent the opinions of BiggerPockets.